Source : Weed World (UK), Issue 17 Contact: http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~weed1/ Pubdate: Aug 1998 RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF JURORS Sirs, Trial by a Jury of one's peers is one of our basic Rights. It was granted to us all, after some pressure, by King John in 1215 and has been ratified by our own Queen. Yet upon investigation of the spirit and wording of that Great Charter of English Liberties, I have to wonder just how far modern trial approach those ideals and rights. Magna Carta included the words "To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice". It is clearly about rights and well as laws. Before the Charter, laws were made by the Monarch and punishment for the 'guilty' decided and handed out by the employees of the throne. Until the time of King John, laws could be made willy-nilly or for purely political or economical reasons. This meant that a person could effectively be silenced or stopped by the imposition of a temporary law. For example, it could have been decided that this week it was illegal to, say, eat apples on a Sunday, and anyone caught with apples could be thrown into prison or have his property confiscated. The next day the law could be changed again. Purely there was no justice in that! At Runnymede in June 1215, King John was forced to grant the Right to Trial by Jury. This was to put a halt to tyrannical and unjust laws. After that, every accused had the right to go before twelve of his peers who would determine his guilt or innocence. Their individual decisions were to be based upon the evidence presented to them by both sides and upon the justice of the law. In this way, following my example above, the Jury could agree that the accused had possessed an apple on Sunday, but that the law itself was wrong and unjust and therefore return a Verdict of Not Guilty. The exercise of law became governed by the willingness of a Jury to convict, and that willingness was to be based upon not only the evidence but also their individual consciences. It was the Right and Duty of every Juror to reach his verdict upon the very justice of the law, and, in cases where the law is seen as unjust, declare a Not Guilty verdict. Magna Carta would be meaningless if jurors could be forced to guilty verdicts through instructions from the judge, simply because the accused actions had been proved to some degree beyond doubt.. Laws could be made for all sorts of hidden reasons such as profit, and people could be punished for breaking a 'law', for example, and growing an apple tree, or, for that matter, a cannabis plant, in their own back garden, or for using it for food or medicine.. The Jury system is the way in which the people can challenge the law in the courts. My conclusion is that it is the Jurors duty to consider the justice of the law and to use his decision in his determination of the Verdict. So why, I ask, do we hear Judges so often tell the Jury that they must reach their verdict on the evidence alone? Can anyone explain this serious contradiction of our Rights? Sincerely, A Buffry (see http://www.paston.co.uk/users/webbooks/jurors.html 'Trial by Jury', Spooner L., FIJI Educational Publications, PO Box 59, Helmville, Montana 59843, USA) - --- Checked-by: Mike Gogulski